I. Sumo
Phosphholikids iboka reLipids izvo zvakakosha zvikamu zvemasero mendanes. Chimiro chavo chakasarudzika, chine hydrophilic musoro uye miviri yehydrophobic miswe, inobvumira phospholiclicid kuti aumbe chimiro cheblue, chinoshandira chisungo chinoparadzanisa zvemukati zvechitokisi kubva munzvimbo yekunze. Basa iri reruzivo rakakosha kuti rive rekuvimbika uye kushanda kwemasero muzvipenyu zvese zvipenyu.
Scel kusaina uye kutaurirana kwakakosha maitiro ayo anogonesa masero kuti afambe nemumwe uye nharaunda yavo, achibvumira mhinduro dzakarongeka kune dzakasiyana siyana. Masero anogona kudzora kukura, kukura, uye mabasa mazhinji emuviri kuburikidza nemaitiro aya. Scer Signing nzira dzinosanganisira kutapurirana nezvikwangwani, senge mahormone kana neurotransmitters, anoonekwa neanogamuchira zviitiko zvekuti zviitiko zvakazotungamira kune imwe nzira yekukweretwa.
Kunzwisisa basa rePhosphondlubids uye kutaurirana kwakakosha kuti vaburitse kuomarara kuoma kwemasero anotaurirana uye kuronga mabasa avo. Kunzwisisa uku kunenge zvazvinoreva kure zvinosvika muminda dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira yeCell biology, pharmacology, uye kukura kwevanonongedzerwa kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakawanda uye kusagadzikana. Nekunyepedzera mukushushikana kwepamhepo pakati pePhospholicikids uye sero kusaina, isu tinogona kuwana ruzivo rwepamhepo mukutonga kwekutonga maitiro uye basa.
Ii. Chimiro che phospholiclicds
A. Tsananguro yePhosphholid chimiro:
Phospholhilipsic is ampipathic mamorekuru, zvinoreva kuti ivo vane hydrophic (mvura-inokwezva) uye hydrophobic (mvura-inodzosera mvura) matunhu. Chimiro chekutanga che phospholhiri Iyo hydrophobic miswe, yakaumbwa neyenzidhi acid cenies, gadzira mukati meiyo lipid bilyer, nepo hydrophilic yemisangano yemvura pane ese uye ekunze nzvimbo yemukati yeMetrane. Urongwa uhwu hunobvumira phospholiclics kuzvishingisa mune biliyari, nemiswe ye hydrophobic yakatarisana nemusoro uye misoro yehydrophilic yakatarisana nenzvimbo dzemukati mukati uye kunze kwechitokisi.
B. Basa rePhospholipid Bilayer mu Cell MeMbrane:
Iyo phosphholid bilayer chikamu chakakosha chemuchimiro chemamita yemasero, ichipa chipinganidzo chakazara chemarara chinodzora kuyerera kwezvinhu mukati uye kunze kwechitokisi. Uku kusarudzika kwekuziva kwakakosha kuti uchengetedze nzvimbo yemukati yesero uye inokosha pamatanho akadai sekutadza, uye kudzivirirwa kwemarara, uye kuchengetedzwa kubva kune vanokuvadza vamiririri vanokuvadza. Kupfuura basa rayo rekuumbwa, iyo phospholipid bilayer zvakare inoita basa rakarukwa mutero kusaina uye kutaurirana.
Iyo Fluid Modec Modec Membrane, yakakurudzirwa muimbi uye nicolson muna 1972, inosimbisa chimiro chine simba cheMembrane, nePhospholicendids inogara ichitenderera uye mapuroteni akasiyana siyana akapararira muLipid Bilayer bilyer. Ichi chimiro chakasimba chakakosha mukufambisa sero kusaina uye kutaurirana. Receptors, ion nzira, uye mamwe mapuroteni anoiswa mukati meiyo phospholipid biliyiyo uye akakosha pakuziva zvikwangwani zvekunze uye nekuvaperekedza kune yemukati momukati.
Uyezve, zvivakwa zvepanyama zve phospholhilips, dzakadai sekusanzwisisa kwavo uye kugona kuumba maruva lipid, kupesvedzera sangano uye kushanda kwemapuroteni emamirioni anobatanidzwa mukusaina musero. Maitiro ane simba e phospholhilips anokanganisa nharaunda uye chiitiko chemafuro emasaini, nekudaro anokanganisa chokwadi uye kushanda kwemaitiro ekusaina nzira.
Kunzwisisa hukama pakati pePhosphholicikids uye sero membraane chimiro uye basa zvine zvazvinenge zvisina kufanira zvezvikamu zvakawanda zvebhavha, kusanganisira cellular homeostasis, kusimudzira, uye chirwere. Kubatanidzwa kwePhospholid Biology neCell kuurindira Kuzivisa Kunzvenga Kunzwisisa Kunzwisisa Kunzwisisa Kunzwisisa kwekutaurirana kweCell uye inobata vimbiso yekuvandudzwa kwekusimudzira maitiro ekurapa.
III. Basa rePhospholipids muCell Signaling
A. phosphholiclics sekusaina mamorekuru
Phosphholiclic, sevane vakakurumbira enzvimbo yemasero membranes, vabuda sevanosarudzika mamaira ekuratidzira mukukurukurirana. Misangano yeHydrophil Mapoka ePhosphholiclips, kunyanya avo vane Inositol phosphate, vanoshanda sevanonzi vatumidzi vechipiri mumatumwa akasiyana siyana mumigwagwa dzakasiyana siyana kusaina. Semuenzaniso, phosphidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphateitol (PIPHOSPTSE (PIPHOSPTSE SEZVINOGONESA MOLECULE NEMAKARA INOSTOL TRISPHONTE (IP3) uye Diacyculsprolphape (IP3) uye Dicylglycerol (Dicylglycerol (dag) mukupindura Srimuli. Aya manyorerwo-anotorwa morekuru vanonongedza basa rekutora basa rekutora
Uyezve, phospholiclicid se phosphatidic acid (PA) uye NyashaPhospholicholic Semuenzaniso, PA zviito semurevereri akakosha mukukura kwesero uye kuenzanisa nekushandisa mapuroteni ekusaina, LPA) anobatanidzwa mukuremekedza kwesotoskeletal masimba, sero kupona, uye kutama. Aya masisitiri akasiyana ePhospholilipds anotsigira kukosha kwavo mune orchestating incricate isingaonekwe madhiri mukati memasero.
B. Kubatanidza kwe phospholicikid mu signal transduction nzira
Kubatanidzwa kwePhospholiclics muSignal Shanduko nzira inoonekwa nebasa ravo rakakosha mukufambisa basa reMembrane-rakasungwa repaiti, kunyanya Gprotein Recept (GPCRS). PaLigand kusungira kuGPCRS, phospholipase c (plpholipase c (plc) yakagadziriswa, inotungamira kune hydrolysis ye pombi yePIP3 uye dag. IP3 inokonzeresa kuburitswa kweCalcium kubva kuzvitoro zveByracellular, nepo Dag Activate Creepin Kinase C, pakupedzisira kudzora mumutemo wekutaura kwerugiro, kukura kwesero, uye kuendesa synaptic.
Uyezve, phoshoinositiitsides, shanda sesiti dzekudzika dzekuratidzira mapuroteni akabatanidzwa mumatanho akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira idzo dzinotora membrane tengesa uye actin cyotoskelet masimba masimba. Iyo Dynamic Interplay pakati pePhoshoinositiitsides uye mapuroteni avo anopindirana anobatsira kusarudzika uye yemitauro yekusaina chiratidzo, nekukonzera mitezo yemasero kune yekuwedzera kukurudzira.
Kupindira kwakawanda kwePhospholiclicd muchitokisi kusaina uye chiratidzo nzira nzira inosimbisa kukosha kwavo semutauro weCellulyis uye basa.
Iv. Phosphholipids uye Intracellar kutaurirana
A. Phospholilipds muIntracellular Signaling
Phosphholicikids, boka revarwi rine boka rePhosphate, ridzai zviitiko zvakaringana mukusaina chiratidzo, Orchestating maitiro akasiyana emaseremberi kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwavo mukusaina macasces. Mumwe muenzaniso wakakurumbira ndeye phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pombi), phospholiplid iri mune plasma membrane. Mukupindura kune extrallular Stimuli, PIP2 yakajeka muInositol trisphosphate (IP3) uye Diacylglycerol (dag) neEnzyme phospholipase c (plc). IP3 inokonzeresa kuburitswa kweCalcium kubva kuzvitoro zvemukati, nepo Dag activate
Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe phospholicikids, kusanganisira phosphatidic acid (PA) uye Nyoraphospholicikids, yakazivikanwa seyakaoma mukusaina intracellular. Pa inobatsira kumitemo yekukura kwesero uye kuwedzera nekuita semudzidzi wemapuroteni akasiyana siyana ekusaina. Lysophatidic acid (LPA) yakazivikanwa pakubatanidzwa kwayo mukushandurwa kwekupona kwesero, kutama, uye cyskeletal masimba. Zviwanikwa izvi zvinosiyana zvakasiyana uye zvakakosha mabasa e phosphholiclics sekusaina mamorekuru mukati mechitokisi.
B. Kubatana kwePhospholiclicd nemapuroteni uye anogamuchira
Phosphholilipvid zvakare inowirirana nemapuroteni akasiyana siyana uye anogamuchira kuti anomisikidza cellulating nzira nzira. Natinly, phoshoinositiides, subgroup of phospholiciplids, shanda semapuratifomu ekutorwa uye activation yemapuroteni emurupururu. Semuenzaniso, phosphidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (pombihsphate (pombihphosphate (pombihsphate Uyezve, kushamwaridzana kwakasimba kwe phospholiclics nemapuroteni ekusaina uye vanogamuchira vanobvumidza chaiyo spatiotemporal control yezviitiko zvichiratidza zviitiko mukati mechitokisi.
Zvekudyidzana zvevatengi zve phospholhilips nemapuroteni uye vanogamuchira vanoratidza basa ravo rekutungamira mukushandurwa kweIntracellar nzira, pakupedzisira rinopa mutemo wemabasa emaserara.
V. Kutungamirwa kwe phospholipids mu cell kusaina
A. enzymes uye nzira dzakabatanidzwa muPhosphholid metabolism
Phosphholicikids ine simba rakadzorwa nemushinjisi yakaomesesa ye enzymes uye nzira, kukurudzira kuwanda kwavo uye kushanda muchiratidzo. Imwe nzira yakadaro inosanganisira iyo synthesis uye turnver ye phosphatiylinositol (pi) uye phosphorylated derivatives, inozivikanwa sePhoshoinositiides. Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinases nePhosasylinositol 4-phosphateitol 4-kinases is enzylinesitol 4-phosphate (phosphate (phosphate (phosphate (phosphateylinsitol 4-phosphateylinsitol 4,5-bisphosphate (pombi), zvichiteerana. Speczvely, phosphature, yakadai sePhosphatasE uye TensIn Homolog (Pten), Dephaphorylate phosphhoinositiides, kudzora mazinga avo uye kukanganisika kuchiratidzirwa celluly.
Uyezve, iyo yaNodo synthesis ye phosphholicikids, kunyanya phosphatidic acid (PA), kusanganisa kwavo Kukanganisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana kusaina maitiro uye kubatsira pakugadziriswa kweCellular Homeostasis.
B. kukanganisa kwe phosphholid mutemo pane cell kusaina maitiro
Mutemo wePhospholikids Englubs Ekisimikira pamari yekusaina mishonga nekufambisa zviitiko zvevakadzi vakachinjisa mamorekuru uye nzira. Semuenzaniso, iyo turnver yePIPSHEPE C inogadzira Inositol trisphosphate Uku kusaina cascade kuzvimisa mashandiro emapepa ekushandisa senge neurotransmission, tsandanyama contraction, uye isina minee cell activation.
Uyezve, kushandurwa mumazinga ePhazhoinositiitities Pamusoro pezvo, mutemo weP humbowo nePhosphasases uye phosphatases dzinopesvedzera membrane tengesa, kugera kwesero, uye lipid kusaina nzira.
Iyo yekudyidzana pakati pe phospholicliplid metabolism uye cell kusaina inosimbisa kukosha kweiyo phosphholid mutemo mukuchengetedza cellular basa uye kupindura kune yekuwedzera stimulu.
Vi. Mhedziso
A. Pfupiso yeiyo yakakosha mabasa epossholipids mu cell kusaina uye kutaurirana
Mune pfupiso, phospholikilids anotamba matombo emapuranga mune orchestating cell kusaina uye maitiro ekutaurirana mukati mezvinyorwa zvebhaibheri. Kusiyana kwavo uye kusashanda kusiyana kunovaita kuti vabatwe sevanosiyirana varidzi vemitambo yemasero, nemabasa akakosha anosanganisira:
Membrane Organion:
Phospholiclicike inoumba iyo yakakosha yekuvaka mabhuru emishonga yemasero, ichimisa chimiro chemugadziro chekusarudzika kwe cellular compartments uye yekubatana kwemapuroteni emurupuranga. Kugona kwavo kugadzira micromains yeLipid, yakadai semagoma lipid, zvinopesvedzera sangano reSpatial remanzwiro emanomano akaomarara uye kuwirirana kwavo, kukanganisika kuratidzira pachena uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Signal Shanduko:
Phospholicikids Act sekiyi mindarari mukududzirwa kwemasaini ezvekushandisa muIntracellar mhinduro. Phosphoinositiess anoshanda semanyorero emamolecules, vachinongedza zviitwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveProteins neLysopholikilifids nhume, vachipesvedzera activation yekusaina cascades uye grow kutaura.
Dero kusaina modulation:
Phosphholiclics inopa mutemo wekusarudzika kwemaitiro akasiyana siyana, kushandisa simba pamusoro penzira dzakadai serocliferation, kusanganisa, apoptosis, uye mhinduro dzedziviriro. Kupindira kwavo muchizvarwa chehupenyu hwevanhurume veLipid, kusanganisira eicosuids uye sperhinicho, inoenderera mberi nekukanganisa kwavo pachisimba, metabolic, uye ipopotic, uye ipopotic kusaina metwork.
Kutaurirana kwekudyidzana:
Phospholiclicidwo kutora zvakare mukuratidzira kwekutaurirana kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwemurevereri, senge prostaglandins yemasero emuvakidzani uye matishu, kudzora kuzvimba, uye kusarwadza.
Mipiro yezvakawanda zvePhospholiclics kuenda kuCell kusaina uye kutaurirana kunosimbisa kukosha kwavo mukuchengetedza cellular homeostasis uye kuronga mhinduro dzepamoyo.
B. Runyorwa rwemangwana rwekutsvaga phosphholipids mune cellular kusaina
Semabasa akaomesesa e phospholhilipsid muchiratidzo checersi anoramba achiramba achiramba achizvidzwa, akati wandei anonakidza maitiro ekutsvaga kwenguva yemberi, kusanganisira:
Interdisciplinary nzira:
Kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuongorora kweudiki, senge lipidomics, nemanyorerwo uye cellular biology kuchasimudzira kunzwisisa kwedu kwespatial uye tempones ye phospholicd mune kusaina maitiro. Kuongorora crosstalk pakati peLIPID metabolism, membrane kutengeswa, uye kusaina mbozha kuchavhura chishandiso chekudzora maitiro uye maratidziro ekurapa.
Systems Biology Maonero:
Kuverengera Systems Biology Kusvika, kusanganisira masvomhu ekuenzanisira uye network kuongorora, kuchaita kuti gohwo hwekukanganisa kwepasirese hwepfungwa pane cellularining network. Kufungidzira nezvekudyidzana pakati pePhosphholick, enzymes, uye kusaina magetsi kuchawedzera kumuka kwemisangano uye mhinduro michatiramu inotonga chiratidzo chiratidzo.
Kurapa Zvinorehwa:
Kuongorora kushungurudzika kwe phospholiclics mune hosha, dzakadai se cancer, neurodegegenerative disdrder, uye metabolic syndromes, inopa mukana wekukudziridza zvakarapa. Kunzwisisa mabasa ePhospholibids mune kurwara kwehurwere uye kuzivisa zvibodzwa zvekunyoresa zvavakaita akabata vimbiso yemishonga chaiyo.
Mukupedzisa, ruzivo rwekuwedzera kwe phosphholicikids uye kusakwana kwavo kwekusarongeka mukusarongeka uye kutaurirana kunounza frintier yekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi nekuchinja kwakasiyana siyana muminda yebhajumende yebhajasi.
Mareferensi:
Balla, T. (2013). Phosphhoinositiides: Tiny Lipids neGidant kukanganisa kwesero. Ongororo yemuviri, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
Di Paolo, G., & de Camilli, P. (2006). Phosphhoinositides mu cell mvumo uye membrane masimba masimba. Chisiko, 443 (7112), 651-657.
Koojman, ee, & testerink, C. (2010). Phosphatidic acid: Anobuda akakosha mutambi mukusaina masaini. Maitiro musainzi inodyara, 15 (6), 213-220.
HILGEMANN, DW, & BALL, R. (1996). Kudzora kweMariac na (+), H (+) - Exchange uye K (ATP) Potassium Church nePIP2. Sayenzi, 273 (5277), 956-959.
Kaksonen, M., & Roux, A. (2018). Mechanisms yeClathrin-yakanyevera endocytosis. Chisiko chichidzokorora molecular cell biology, 19 (5), 313-326.
Balla, T. (2013). Phosphhoinositiides: Tiny Lipids neGidant kukanganisa kwesero. Ongororo yemuviri, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
Albherts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2014). Mamecocular biology yesero (6th ed.). Garland Sayenzi.
Simoni, K., & Vaz, WL (2004). Model Systems, LIPID RAFTS, uye Masero Memberi. Ongororo yegore negore ye biophopys uye biiomolecular chimiro, 33, 269-295.
Kutumira Nguva: Dec-29-2023
