Nhau - Kugadzirwa kweVanillin yechisikigo Kubva kuZviwanikwa Zvinogona Kuvandudzwa

I. Nhanganyaya

Vanillin ndeimwe yemishonga inonaka inozivikanwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Nechinyakare, inotorwa kubva mubhinzi dzevanilla, dzinodhura uye dzinosangana nematambudziko ekuchengetedza nguva uye kushaya simba kwecheni yekugovera. Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi mu biotechnology, kunyanya mumunda wekuchinja kwehutachiona, nguva itsva yekugadzira vanillin yechisikigo yakabuda. Kushandisa tupukanana mukushandura zvipenyu zvezvinhu zvakasikwa kwakapa nzira inoshanda muhupfumi yekugadzira vanillin. Nzira iyi haingogadziri chete matambudziko ekuchengetedza nguva asi inopawo mhinduro itsva kuindasitiri yekuravira. Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa neSRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) yakapa ongororo yakazara yenzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira vanillin muchisikigo uye mashandisirwo adzo muchikafu, ichipfupikisa matekiniki akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira vanillin muchisikigo kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana uye mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana-siyana muchikafu.

II. Maitiro Ekuwana Vanillin Yechisikigo Kubva Muzviwanikwa Zvinogona Kuvandudzwa

Kushandiswa kweFerulic Acid seSubstrate

Ferulic acid, inobva muzvinhu zvakaita semupunga wemupunga ne oat bran, inoratidza kufanana kwechimiro ne vanillin uye inoshanda senzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzira vanillin. Zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sePseudomonas, Aspergillus, Streptomyces, nefungi zvakashandiswa pakugadzira vanillin kubva ku ferulic acid. Zvinonyanya kukosha, mhando dzakadai seAmycolatopsis ne White-rot fungi dzakaonekwa sedzinogona kugadzira vanillin kubva ku ferulic acid. Zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvakaongorora kugadzirwa kwe vanillin kubva ku ferulic acid vachishandisa zvipembenene, nzira dze enzymatic, uye masisitimu asina kufamba, zvichiratidza kugona uye kugona kwenzira iyi.

Kugadzirwa kwevanillin kubva kuferulic acid kunosanganisira enzyme inokosha feruloyl esterase, iyo inokonzeresa hydrolysis ye ester bond mu ferulic acid, ichiburitsa vanillin nezvimwe zvine chekuita nayo. Nekutsvaga huwandu hwakakodzera hwevanillin biosynthetic enzymes mumasisitimu asina masero, vaongorori vakagadzira recombinant Escherichia coli strain yakavandudzwa inokwanisa kushandura ferulic acid (20mM) kuita vanillin (15mM). Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwe microbial cell immobilization kwakwezva kutariswa nekuda kwe biocompatibility yayo yakanaka uye kugadzikana pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Imwe nzira itsva ye immobilization yekugadzira vanillin kubva kuferulic acid yakagadzirwa, ichibvisa kudiwa kwe coenzymes. Iyi nzira inosanganisira coenzyme-independent decarboxylase uye coenzyme-independent oxygenase ine basa rekushandura ferulic acid kuita vanillin. Kuvharirwa pamwe chete kweFDC neCSO2 kunogonesa kugadzirwa kwe2.5 mg yevanillin kubva kuferulic acid muma cycle gumi ekuita, zvichiratidza muenzaniso wekutanga wekugadzirwa kwevanillin kuburikidza ne biotechnology yeenzyme isina kufamba.

Kushandiswa kweEugenol/Isoeugenol seSubstrate

Eugenol ne isoeugenol, kana zvashandurwa kuita bioconversion, zvinogadzira vanillin ne metabolites dzayo, izvo zvakaonekwa kuti zvine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana uye kukosha kwakakosha muhupfumi. Zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvakaongorora kushandiswa kwetupukanana twakagadziriswa majini uye tunowanikwa zvakasikwa kugadzira vanillin kubva ku eugenol. Mikana yekuora kwe eugenol yakaonekwa mumabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana nefungi, kusanganisira asi kwete chete kuBacillus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, neRhodococcus, zvichiratidza kugona kwavo mukugadzira vanillin inobva ku eugenol. Kushandiswa kwe eugenol oxidase (EUGO) se enzyme yekugadzira vanillin munzvimbo yemaindasitiri kwakaratidza kugona kukuru. EUGO inoratidza kugadzikana uye kushanda pamusoro pe pH yakakura, neEUGO inonyunguduka inowedzera kushanda uye inoderedza nguva yekuita. Uyezve, kushandiswa kweEUGO isina kufamba kunobvumira kudzoreredzwa kwe biocatalyst muma cycles ekuita anosvika gumi nemasere, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe biocatalyst kanopfuura ka12. Saizvozvowo, enzyme isina kufamba CSO2 inogona kukurudzira kushandurwa kweisoeugenol kuita vanillin pasina kuvimba nema coenzymes.

Zvimwe Zvivako

Pamusoro pe ferulic acid ne eugenol, mamwe macompound akadai se vanillic acid ne C6-C3 phenylpropanoids akaonekwa seanogona kugadzira vanillin. Vanillic acid, inogadzirwa sechibereko chekuora kwe lignin kana sechikamu chinokwikwidza munzira dze metabolic, inoonekwa senzira huru yekugadzira vanillin yakavakirwa pa bio. Uyezve, kupa ruzivo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwe C6-C3 phenylpropanoids pakugadzira vanillin kunopa mukana wakasiyana wekuvandudza kunaka kwenguva refu uye itsva.

Mukupedzisa, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve pakugadzira vanillin yechisikigo kuburikidza nekushandura hutachiona hwehutachiona ibudiriro huru muindasitiri yekuravira. Iyi nzira inopa imwe nzira, inochengetedza kugadzirwa kwevanillin, kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza nguva uye kuderedza kuvimba nenzira dzechinyakare dzekuburitsa. Mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana uye kukosha kwehupfumi kwevanillin muindasitiri yezvekudya zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga nekuvandudza munzvimbo iyi. Kufambira mberi mune ramangwana mumunda wekugadzira vanillin yechisikigo kune mukana wekuchinja indasitiri yekuravira, zvichipa dzimwe nzira dzinochengetedza nguva uye dzinochengetedza nharaunda dzekuvandudza kuravira. Sezvatinoramba tichishandisa mukana wezvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve uye kufambira mberi kwebiotechnology, kugadzirwa kwevanillin yechisikigo kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kunopa nzira inovimbisa yekugadzira kuravira kunochengetedza nguva.

III. Ndezvipi zvakanakira kushandisa zviwanikwa zvinogona kushandiswazve kugadzira vanillin yechisikigo?

Zvine Rubatsiro Kunharaunda:Kushandisa zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve zvakaita sezvirimwa nemarara ebiomass kugadzira vanillin kunogona kuderedza kudiwa kwemafuta efossil, kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa panharaunda, uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokonzera kudziya kwepasi.

Kugara kwenguva refu:Kushandisa zviwanikwa zvinogona kushandiswazve kunoita kuti pave nesimba nezvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvinogara kwenguva refu, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza zviwanikwa uye kusangana nezvinodiwa nezvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Kudzivirirwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu:Kuburikidza nekushandisa zvine musoro zviwanikwa zvinogona kushandiswazve, zviwanikwa zvemiti yemusango zvinogona kuchengetedzwa, izvo zvinobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza.

Hunhu hwechigadzirwa:Kana tichienzanisa ne vanillin yakagadzirwa, vanillin yechisikigo inogona kuva nemabhenefiti akawanda muhunhu hwekunhuhwirira uye hunhu hwechisikigo, izvo zvichabatsira kuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvekunhuhwirira uye kunaka.

Deredza kuvimba nemafuta epasi:Kushandisa zviwanikwa zvinogona kushandiswazve kunobatsira kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta efossil mashoma, izvo zvinobatsira pakuchengetedzwa kwesimba uye kusiyana kwechimiro chesimba. Ndinovimba ruzivo rwuri pamusoro runogona kupindura mibvunzo yako. Kana uchida gwaro rekutarisa muChirungu, ndapota ndiudzei kuti ndigone kukupai.

IV. Mhedziso

Kugona kushandisa zviwanikwa zvinogona kushandiswazve kugadzira vanillin yechisikigo senzira yekuchengetedza nharaunda uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda kwakakosha. Nzira iyi ine vimbiso yekugadzirisa kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwevanillin yechisikigo uku ichideredza kuvimba nenzira dzekugadzira dzakagadzirwa.

Vanillin yechisikigo ine chinzvimbo chakakosha muindasitiri yekuravira, inokosheswa nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwayo uye kushandiswa kwakapararira sechinhu chinopa kunaka muzvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kukosha kwevanillin yechisikigo sechinhu chinodiwa zvikuru muindasitiri yezvikafu, zvinwiwa, uye hwema nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hwekunzwa uye kufarira kwevatengi kune kunaka kwechisikigo.

Uyezve, munda wekugadzira vanillin yechisikigo unopa mikana yakakura yekutsvagisa nekuvandudza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsvaga matekinoroji matsva uye nzira itsva dzekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kugarika kwekugadzira vanillin yechisikigo kubva muzviwanikwa zvinogona kushandiswazve. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzekugadzira dzinokwanisa kukura uye dzisingadhuri kuchaita basa guru mukusimudzira kushandiswa kwakapararira kwevanillin yechisikigo senzira inogara kwenguva refu uye inochengetedza nharaunda muindasitiri yekuravira.