Nhau - Chinorwisa Okisijeni Chakasikwa—Chikamu cheGinkgo Leaf!

I. Nhanganyaya

Nhanganyaya

Ndezvipi zvakanakira ginkgo biloba extract powder pahutano (2)

Chinyorwa cheshizha reGinkgochinhu chinoshanda chechisikigo chinotorwa kubva mumashizha eginkgo. Zvikamu zvikuru zvacho iflavonoids neginkgo lactones. IPAF (platelet-activating factor, platelet-activating factor) receptor antagonist chaiyo. Mabasa ayo emishonga anosanganisira: kuvandudza kutenderera kweropa muuropi uye metabolism yemasero; kuwedzera mashandiro emasero matsvuku eropa superoxide dismutase (SOD) uye glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), uye kuderedza lipids dzinoita seperoxidized lipids (MDA). kugadzira, kubvisa ma free radicals, kudzivirira kukuvara kwecardiomyocytes nemasero e vascular endothelial; kurwisa platelet aggregation, micro thrombosis, uye lipid metabolism disorders inokonzerwa neplatelet PAF; kuvandudza kutenderera kweropa mumoyo uye kudzivirira ischemic myocardium; Kuwedzera deformability yemasero matsvuku eropa, kuderedza viscosity yeropa, uye kubvisa microcirculatory disorders; kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwe thromboxane (TXA2) uye kukurudzira kuburitswa kwe prostaglandin PGI2 kubva mumasero e vascular endothelial.

Chitubu chezvirimwa

Ginkgo biloba ishizha reGinkgo biloba L., chirimwa chemhuri yeGinkgo. Chinyorwa chayo (EGB) chine mabasa akasiyana-siyana ehutano uye chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudya uye muzvizoro. Makemikari emashizha eGinkgo akaomarara, ane zvinhu zvinopfuura 140 zvakabviswa mairi. Flavonoids neterpene lactones ndizvo zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinoshanda mumashizha eGinkgo. Pamusoro pezvo, inewo polyprenol, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids, phenols, uye trace elements. Zvichienderana nehuwandu husina kukwana, chinobva pashizha reginkgo repasi rose chiri kutengeswa pasi rose iEGb761 inogadzirwa zvichienderana nemaitiro eSchwabe eGermany. Chinoonekwa seupfu hwebrown-yellow uye chine hwema hushoma hweshizha reginkgo. Musanganiswa wemakemikoro une 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, pasi pe0.0005% ginkgo acid, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% carboxylic acids, 2.0% catechins, 20% non-flavonoid glycosides, uye 4.0 polymer compounds. %, inorganic matter 5.0%, moisture solvent 3.0%, mamwe 3.0%.

Hunhu hweAntioxidant uye Maitiro

Ginkgo leaf extract inogona kubvisa zvakananga lipid free radicals, lipid peroxidation free radicals alkane free radicals, nezvimwewo, uye kugumisa free radical chain reaction chain. Panguva imwe chete, inogonawo kudzora nekuvandudza mashandiro ema enzymes e antioxidant akadai se superoxide dismutase uye glutathione peroxidase. Mhedzisiro ye antioxidant ye flavonoids muEGB inodarika yevhitamini, uye ine hunhu hwe anti-free radical kurwisa mu vitro.

Mhedzisiro yeantioxidant ye ginkgo extracts inoburitswa nenzira dzakasiyana yakasiyana, uye mhedzisiro ye antioxidant ye crude extracts ne refined products yakasiyanawo. Ma Xihan nevamwe vake vakaona kuti petroleum ether-ethanol extract ine simba guru re antioxidant pamafuta e rapeseed kana tichienzanisa neGinkgo leaf extracts inowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirira. Kugona kwe antioxidant kwe crude Ginkgo leaf extract kwaive kwakakwira zvishoma pane kwe refined extract. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa ne crude. Dura rine zvimwe zvinhu zvinorwisa antioxidant, zvakaita se organic acids, amino acids, tannins, alkaloids, nezvimwe zvinhu zvine synergistic effects.

Nzira Yokugadzirira

(1) Nzira yekubvisa organic solvent Parizvino, nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika ndeyekubvisa organic solvent. Sezvo zvimwe organic solvents zvine chepfu kana kuti zvinoshanduka-shanduka, ethanol inowanzo shandiswa semushonga wekubvisa. Kuedza kwakaitwa naZhang Yonghong nevamwe kwakaratidza kuti mamiriro akanakisa ekubvisa flavonoids kubva mumashizha eginkgo i70% ethanol semushonga wekubvisa, tembiricha yekubvisa i90°C, chiyero chesolid-liquid i1:20, huwandu hwekubvisa i3, uye nguva imwe neimwe inodzoka kwemaawa 1.5.

(2) Nzira yekubvisa ma enzymes yakaedzwa naWang Hui nevamwe yakaratidza kuti goho rema flavonoids ese rakawedzera zvakanyanya mushure mekunge zvinhu zve ginkgo leaf zvakarapwa ne cellulase uye zvabviswa, uye goho racho raigona kusvika 2.01%.

(3) Nzira yekubvisa mashizha eginkgo ne ultrasound Mushure mekurapa mashizha eginkgo ne ultrasound, membrane yesero inotyoka, uye kufamba kwezvikamu zvemashizha kwakurumidziswa, izvo zvinokurudzira kunyungudika kwezvinhu zvinoshanda. Nokudaro, kubvisa ma flavonoid ne ultrasound kune mabhenefiti makuru. Mhedzisiro yekuedza yakawanikwa naLiu Jingzhi nevamwe inoratidza kuti mamiriro ekushanda kwekubvisa mashizha ne ultrasound ndeaya: frequency ye ultrasonic 40kHz, nguva yekurapa ne ultrasonic 55min, tembiricha 35°C, uye kumira kwemaawa matatu. Panguva ino, mwero wekubvisa mashizha i81.9%.

Kushandiswa

Maflavonoid ari mumashizha eGinkgo ane hunhu hwekuchengetedza mabhakitiriya uye anogona kuwedzerwa mumafuta nemakeke sema antioxidants. Maflavonoid ese anowanzova eyero uye ane kunyungudika kwakakura, ese ari maviri anonyungudika mumvura uye anonyungudika mumafuta, saka maflavonoid ese anogona kushandiswa pakupenda. Ginkgo biloba inogadzirwa kuita upfu hwakatsetseka uye inowedzerwa kuchikafu. Mashizha eGinkgo anogayiwa zvakanaka uye anowedzerwa kumakeke, mabhisikiti, manoodles, masiwiti, uye ice cream pamwero we5% kusvika 10% kuti agadziriswe kuita chikafu chemashizha eginkgo chine hutano.
Ginkgo leaf extract inoshandiswa sechikafu chinowedzera kudyiwa muCanada uye yakatenderwa semushonga usingatengeswi nevatengi muGermany neFrance. Ginkgo leaf iri muUnited States Pharmacopoeia (chinyorwa chechi24) uye inogona kushandiswa sechikafu chinowedzera kudyiwa muUnited States.

Migumisiro yeMishonga

1. Mhedzisiro pahurongwa hwemwoyo
(1) Ginkgo leaf extract inogona kudzivirira kushanda kweangiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) muropa revanhu, nokudaro ichidzivisa kusimba kwemaarterioles, kuwedzera tsinga dzeropa, uye kuwedzera kuyerera kweropa.
(2) Ginkgo leaf extract inogona kudzivirira kudzikira kwemoyo mumakonzo echirume kunokonzerwa nekubayiwa bupivacaine netsinga, kudzivirira kudzikira kwetsinga dzemwoyo muvanhu nenguruve kunokonzerwa nekushaya hope, uye kubvisa PAF (platelet-activating factor) inokonzera kusagadzikana kwemoyo mumbwa. Inogona kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwemoyo kunokonzerwa neallergies dzemwoyo munguruve dzerudzi rweGuinea dzakatsaurwa.
(3) Ginkgo leaf extract inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya tsinga dzeropa dzemuuropi dzekatsi nembwa dzakabatwa nehope, kuwedzera kuyerera kweropa muuropi, uye kuderedza kuramba kwetsinga dzemuuropi. Ginkgo leaf extract inogona kudzivirira kuwedzera kwehukuru hwe mesenteric microvascular diameter hunokonzerwa ne intravenous endotoxin. Mumuenzaniso we canine endotoxin, Ginkgo biloba extract inodzivirira kuchinja kwe hemodynamic; mumuenzaniso we sheep lung, Ginkgo biloba extract inodzivirira BP uye pulmonary edema inokonzerwa ne lymphatic flow disorder inokonzerwa ne endotoxin.
(4) Makonzo aibayiwa 5ml/kg ye ginkgo leaf flavonoids mukati medumbu zuva nezuva. Mushure memazuva makumi mana, huwandu hwe triglyceride muropa hwakaderera zvakanyanya. Ginkgo biloba extract (20 mg/kg pazuva) yakapihwa nemuromo kutsuro dzaigamuchira kudya kwakajairika uye kwakakora. Mushure memwedzi mumwe chete, huwandu hwe hyper-esterified cholesterol muplasma ne aorta yetsuro dzaigamuchira kudya kwe atherogenic hwakaderera zvakanyanya. Zvisinei huwandu hwe free cholesterol hwakaramba husina kuchinja.
(5) Ginkgo terpene lactone chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira PAF receptor blocker. Ginkgo leaf extract kana ginkgo terpene lactone inogona kudzivirira platelet-activating factor (PAF) uye cyclooxygenase kana lipoxygenase. Ginkgo leaf extract yaishivirira zvakanaka uye yakarwisa platelet aggregation yaikonzerwa nePAF asi haina kukanganisa kuungana kunokonzerwa neADP.

2. Mhedzisiro pahurongwa hwetsinga huru
(1) Ginkgo leaf extract inokanganisa endocrine system uye kudyidzana kuripo pakati peimmune system ne central nervous system nekudzivisa kushanda kwePAF. Inogona kukurudzira metabolism yekufamba kweuropi uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekurangarira.
(2) Ginkgo terpene lactones ine simba rekudzora kushushikana kwepfungwa, uye simba rayo rekudzora kushushikana kwepfungwa rine chekuita nehurongwa hwetsinga hwepakati hwe monoaminergic.
(3) Pamusoro pekuti Ginkgo leaf extract inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwendangariro kunokonzerwa neNaNO2, simba rayo rekudzivirira hypoxia rinogona kunge rakabatana nekuwedzera kweropa muuropi uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba reuropi panguva yekushaya hypoxia.
(4) Ginkgo leaf extract inovandudza zvikuru maitiro europi e gerbils anokonzerwa nekusunga uye kutenderera kweropa kwetsinga dzese dze carotid uye inodzivirira kukuvara kweuropi mu gerbils anokonzerwa ne ischemia uye kuzara; inowedzera mashandiro embwa mushure me multi-focal brain ischemia Kupora kweuropi nekukurumidza uye kuderedza kukuvara kwe neuronal mushure me ischemia mu hippocampus ye gerbil brain; inoderedza zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kweATP, AMP, creatine uye creatine phosphate mu ischemic brain yembwa yemongrel. Ginkgo biloba lactone B inobatsira mukurapa sitiroko.

3. Mhedzisiro pagadziriro yekugaya chikafu
(1) Ginkgo shizha rinotorwa rinogona kuvandudza maronda emudumbu neadumbu mumakonzo anokonzerwa nePAF ne endotoxin, uye rinogona kudzivirira zvishoma kukuvara kwemudumbu kunokonzerwa ne ethanol.
(2) Mumakonzo ane cirrhosis yechiropa inokonzerwa nekusungwa kwe bile duct, kubaiwa ginkgo leaf extract neropa kwakadzikisa zvakanyanya kumanikidzwa kweropa muropa, cardiac index, kufamba kweropa mumatavi emutsinga wepamutsi, uye kuvandudzika kwetsinga dzeropa zvichienzaniswa ne placebo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ginkgo leaf extract inogona kurapa cirrhosis yechiropa. Inogona kudzivirira kuumbwa kwe oxygen-free radicals mugonzo acute pancreatitis inokonzerwa ne cholecystokinin. Ginkgo terpene lactone B inogona kunge iine basa mukurapa acute pancreatitis.

4. Mhedzisiro pahurongwa hwekufema
(1) Chinwiwa cheGinkgo biloba chinonzi ethanol chinozorodza tsandanyama dzakatsetseka dzemudumbu uye chinogona kuderedza kushushikana kwehistamine phosphate neacetylcholine pa trachea yenguruve dzemudumbu, uye kudzivirira kurwiswa kweasthma kunokonzerwa nehistamine munguruve dzemudumbu.
(2) Kupinza Ginkgo leaf extract mumutsinga kunogona kudzivirira bronchoconstriction uye hyperresponsiveness yemakonzo anokonzerwa nePAF ne ovalbumin, uye kudzivirira bronchoconstriction inokonzerwa nemaantigen, asi hazvikanganisi bronchial hyperresponsiveness inokonzerwa ne indomethacin.
(3) Kufema Ginkgo leaf extract ine aerosol hakungodziviriri bronchoconstriction chete asiwo kunodzivirira kudzikira kwemasero machena eropa uye eosinophils anokonzerwa nePAF. Ginkgo leaf extract inokosha zvikuru mukudzivirira nekurapa kushushikana kwakanyanya kwebronchial.

5. Kudzivirira kukwegura
Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, ginkgo biloba, uye quercetin mumashizha eginkgo zvese zvinodzivisa lipid peroxidation, kunyanya sezvo quercetin iine simba guru rekudzivirira. Kuedza kwakaitwa pamakonzo uye zvakaonekwa kuti ginkgo leaf total flavonoids (0.95mg/ml) inotorwa nemvura inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya lipid peroxidation, uye ginkgo leaf total flavonoids (1.9mg/ml) inogona kuwedzera serum copper uye zinc SOD activity uye kuderedza mhedzisiro yeropa viscosity uku ichideredza SGPT activity.

7. Basa guru mukurambwa kwekuisirwa nhengo yemuviri uye mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira muviri
Chinwiwa cheGinkgo leaf extract chinogona kuwedzera nguva yekurarama kwezvishandiso zveganda, heterotopic heart xenografts, uye orthotopic liver xenografts. Chinwiwa cheGinkgo leaf extract chinogona kudzivirira mashandiro emuviri ekuuraya masero emuviri kurwisa masero eKC526, uye chinogonawo kudzivirira mashandiro emasero ekuuraya masero emuviri anokonzerwa neinterferon.

8. Kurwisa bundu
Chidimbu chisina kuchekwa chemashizha egirini eGinkgo biloba, chikamu chinonyunguduka mumafuta, chinogona kudzivirira hutachiona hweEpstein-Barr. Heptadecene salicylic acid nebilo-betin zvine simba guru rekudzivirira; maflavonoid ese eGinkgo anogona kuwedzera huremu hwe thymus yemakonzo ane bundu. uye huwandu hweSOD activity, zvichikurudzira kugona kwemuviri kurwisa bundu; quercetin ne myricetin zvinogona kudzivirira kuitika kwecarcinogens.

Zvinyorwa uye Zvipingamupinyi

Kusagadzikana kweGinkgo leaf extract: Dzimwe nguva kusagadzikana kwemudumbu, senge anorexia, kuda kurutsa, kuvimbiwa, tsvina yakasununguka, kuzvimba kwedumbu, nezvimwewo; panogonawo kuwedzera kurova kwemoyo, kuneta, nezvimwewo, asi izvi hazvikanganisi kurapwa. Mushure mekunwa kwenguva refu, zviratidzo zveropa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva. Kana uine zviratidzo zvemudumbu, unogona kuitora mushure mekudya.

Kudyidzana Kwemishonga

Chigadzirwa ichi chine simba rekubatsirana kana chikashandiswa pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga inoderedza kusimba kweropa, yakadai se sodium alginate diester, acetate, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.

Maitiro Ekuvandudza

Mashizha eGinkgo ane huwandu hushoma hweproanthocyanidins uye urushiolic acids, izvo zvichiri chepfu mumuviri wemunhu. Kana ginkgo ikasiya sezvinhu zvekugadzira chikafu, kurapwa kwakakosha kunodiwa kuderedza huwandu hweproanthocyanidins uye urushiolic acids. Zvisinei, mukati mehuwandu hwemushonga unoshandiswa parizvino, hapana chepfu chaiyo kana isingaperi uye hapana mhedzisiro ye teratogenic. Bazi reHutano rakabvumidza Ginkgo biloba extract sechikafu chitsva muna 1992. Mumakore achangopfuura, flavonoids yeGinkgo biloba yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yechikafu, uye kutsvagisa nekusimudzira Ginkgo biloba kune mikana yakakura.